Trip to Minahasa Highland

Minahasa highland is a beautiful destination for visitors who love nature. It can be reached by motorized vehicle from Manado city in 30 minutes to 2 hours depending on what village or place that visitors want to go to. Some of the interesting places which tourists can visit are described below: 

The District town of Sonder with its agricultural land

Sonder town - This is a small town that is surrounded by farmlands. Clove trees used to dominate the hills of Sonder. Clove flower was expensive commodity in 1970s to 1980s. Tounelet village has got small forest that is good for birdwatching and butterfly watching.  Sonder as a whole is a great destination for birdwatching in North Sulawesi. Birds that can be watched include Sahul Sunbird, Sooty-headed Bulbul, Gray-sided Flowerpecker, Cattle Egret, Chestnut Munia, Scaly-breasted Munia, Black-naped Oriole, Sultan's Cuckoo Dove, Gray-cheeked Green Pigeon, Sulawesi Hanging Parrot, Black-faced Munia, Barred Rail, and a lot more.  Now local farmers gradually replace them with coconut, corn, vannila, and vegetable plants. Butterflies that can be seen include the Blanchard's Wood Nymph, Blanchard's Tree Nymph, Graphium meyeri, Graphium anthedon, and The Sylvia Clipper. There is a hospital in Tounelet village of Sonder town.

In wetland area, visitors could see terraces of ricefields. Some farmers grow tomatoes, long beans, aubergine and other vegetable plants. The rivers have been devided into many small pools and are used for fish farming. There are restaurants that sell fried and grilled fish that is served with various kinds of stir-fried vegetables and sambal (chilli sauce). 

There are farmers in Rambunan village who collect sweet sap of aren tree and heat it using large cooking pans to make palm sugar. 

Tomohon town

Tomohon is another important town in Minahasa highland. A lot of schools could be found there. Tomohon is also the transportational hub of Minahasa region. The famous Mount Mahawu could reached by car or motorcycle from Tomohon. There is traditional market that sells unusual meat to Minahasan people, such as dog meat, snake, ricefield rat, and flyingfox meat. Woloan village that exports knocked-down wooden houses could be visited from Tomohon. 

Kawangkoan is another distric town that is famous for food. Visitors can buy steam buns filled with pork and boiled eggs or black nut paste.

Tondano - This is the capital of Minahasa regency. It is also the location of the State University of Manado. Lake Tondano is located in the south of the town. Restaurants and lodges could be found along the road that circles the lake. The air temperature of Tondano is cool especially early in the morning. 

Lake Tondano in Minahasa regency of North Sulawesi

Langowan

to be continued ....

Butterfly watching in Sonder Town of Minahasa Highland

Sonder is a small district town in Minahasa regency of North Sulawesi Province of Indonesia. It is a recommended destination for visitors who like to watch and take picture of butterfly. 

Perhaps, a couple of Graphium meyeri meyeri
in Sonder town of Minahasa highland

Tourists who go to Sonder can watch butterfly and other insects in general along the roadsides, riversides, ricefields and dry agricultural lands as well as forest areas. 

Graphium anthedon in Tounelet village of Sonder town

Some butterflies that could be seen in Sonder include: The Common Birdwing, Blanchard's Wood Nymph, Blanchard's Tree Nymph, Clipper Butterfly, Manado's Yellow Tiger Butterfly, and Neptis Ida Celebensis Butterfly. 

The recommended times to watch butterflies are early in the morning and late in the afternoons. Flowers that grow at the frontyard, roadsides, farmlands and forest edges always attract butterflies. 

Blanchard's Wood Nymph

Visitors who want to take pictures of butterflies can bring pocket cameras with zoom lens of several magnifications or camera with telephoto lenses.  

Bringing binoculars is also recommended. The device will greatly enhance the wildlife watching experience of the visitors while they do nature walk around the forest, garden and wetland of Sonder. 

Blanchard's Tree Nymph Butterfly

The butterfly watching tour can also be combined with snorkeling and sightseeing tour in Bunaken and its surrounding islands

If you are interested in taking butterflywatching tour that is combined with birdwatching tour and want me to organize your trip, you could contact me by whatsapp to: +6281332245180 or by email to: peace4wp@gmail.com. 

Wildlife Watching in Tangkoko Nature Reserve

Tangkoko Batuangus Nature Reserve is a famous destination in the Province of North Sulawesi for wildlife watching tourism. Visitors from all corners of the world go to Tangkoko to watch birds, reptiles, insects and mammals. It is located in the northeastern region of Minahasa peninsula around one and a half ride from Manado city.

According to Wikipedia, the number of species of animals is listed as follows:

• 127 mammals
• 233 birds
• 104 reptiles and amphibian animals

Knobbed Hornbill

There are a lot of species of birds that visitors can watch while walking under the canopy of the trees of Tangkoko. Tangkoko is famous for its kingfishers. Some of them include Green-backed Kingfisher, Ruddy Kingfisher, Sulawesi Lilac Kingfisher, Common Kingfisher, Collared Kingfisher, Blue-eared Kingfiher, Sulawesi Dwarf Kingfisher and etc.

Purple-winged Roller

Visitors can also watch Red-backed Thrush, Ochre-bellied Boobok, Knobbed Hornbill, Sulawesi Hornbill, Purple-winged Roller, Oriental Dollarbird.

Because Tangkoko Nature Reserve is located in the coastal area of North Sulawesi, visitors who go there can also watch sea birds such as the Pacific Reef Heron, Great-billed Heron, Osprey, Lesser Frigatebird, Greater Frigatebird, Common Tern, Great-crested Tern, Black-naped Tern, and etc. 

The activity of watching sea birds could be combined with a boat trip to Kalinaun where visitors could watch Great-billed Kingfisher, Pied, Little-pied Cormorant, Little-black Cormorant and etc.

Great-billed Kingfisher

Another important site for general birding in Tangkoko area is the Temboan Hill. It is the place where visitors could watch a lot of species of birds including Finch-billed Myna, Sulawesi Myna, Silvertip Imperial Pigeon, Knobbed Hornbill, Sulawesi Hornbill and a lot more. 

Ashy Woodpecker in the rainforest of
Tangkoko Nature Reserve

Other Animals

In addition to birds, we could also see insects, reptiles and mammals. 

Celebes-crested Macaque (Macaca nigra)

Spectral Tarsier in the rainforest of Tangkoko's Nature Reserve

Accommodation

Visitors who go to Tangkoko can stay in the homestays or lodges that are run by local people. 

Booking

If you are interested in watching birds and other wildlife in Tangkoko Nature Reserve as well as other areas in Sulawesi, you could contact me (Charles Roring) by email to: peace4wp@gmail.com or by whatsapp to: +6281332245180. 

Also read:

• Birding and Butterflywatching in Sonder of Minahasa highland
• Birding in North Sulawesi
• Birds in Minahasa
• Walking Tour in the Farmland of Sonder
• Birding and Wildlife-Watching in Sulawesi

Birds of Sulawesi

Sulawesi is a unique island. It is located in the middle of Indonesian archipelago in the transitional region from the continent of Asia to the continent of Australia. The endemism of birds and other wildlife is very high compared to other islands of Indonesia. I personally have accompanied tourists to a a number of birding sites across Sulawesi.

Birdwatching in Sulawesi

Some Birds from Sulawesi

In South Sulawesi, birding sites that are good for birdwatchers include Karaenta, Ramang-ramang, and Malino highland. There, I saw Black-ringed White-eye, White-necked Myna, Common Kingfisher, Sulawesi Pygmy Hornbill and Red-backed Thrush, and etc.

In Central Sulawesi, Lore Lindu and farmland around Palu are highly recommended. Diabolical Nightjar, Citrine Canary Flycatcher, Turquoise Flycatcher, Red-eared Fruit Dove, White-eared Myza, Hylocitrea, Purple-bearded Bee-eater are some of the many birds that we could watch. 

Ashy Woodpecker

For North Sulawesi, more birding sites could be explored including Mount Mahawu, Sonder's forest, Tangkoko Nature Reserve, Mount Ambang, Maleo Sanctuary in Tambun and Dumoga Bone National Park. A lot of kingfishers could be found in Tangkoko. They are Great-billed Kingfisher, Lilac Kingfisher, Ruddy Kingfisher, Sulawesi Dwarf Kingfisher. Other birds such as Knobbed Hornbill, Sulawesi Myna, Finch-billed Myna, and Ashy Woodpecker could be seen there. The mountainous region of Minahasa from Tomohon to Sonder is the habitat of various species of birds such as Sulawesi Pygmy Woodpecker, Black-naped Oriole, Sultan's Cuckoo Dove, Pale Blue Monarch, Yellow-sided Flowerpecker, Scaly-breasted Kingfisher, Gray-sided Flowerpecker, Crimson Sunbird, Black-crowned White-eye, Mountain White-eye, Sahul Sunbird, Sooty-headed Bulbul, Slender-billed Crow, Cattle Egret, Little Egret. In general, visitors need to spend at least 2 weeks to explore the birding sites of this island and see birds of Sulawesi. 

Ducula aenea

Flying Routes to Manado

The entry point for taking birdwatching tour in Sulawesi can be Manado city first. There are regular daily flights between Manado city and major cities in Indonesia such as Jakarta, Surabaya, Denpasar, Makassar, Balikpapan and Sorong city. They are served by domestic airlines such as Garuda, Citylink, Lion Air and Batik Air. There is also direct international flight from Singapore to Manado city served by Scoot Air. 

Flying to Manado

Extended Tour to Raja Ampat

Another destination that can be combined with Sulawesi is Sorong city. Visitors can enjoy birdwatching and snorkeling in Raja Ampat or Sausapor town. 

If you are interested in traveling to Indonesia to watch birds and wildlife in Sulawesi, and want me to organize your trip, please, contact me (Charles Roring) by whatsapp to: +6281332245180 or by email to: peace4wp@gmail.com. 

Also read:

• Birding and Wildlife Watching in Sulawesi

Birding and butterflywatching in Sonder of Minahasa Highland

In this article, I am still talking about birding and butterflywatching in District Sonder of Minahasa regency. For visitors who have just arrived in Sonder town, the Tounelet slope that has got a small forest should become the first place to look for. It is the habitat of Pale Blue Monarch, Sulawesi Hanging Parrot, Black-naped Oriole, Sulawesi Pygmy Woodpecker, Black-crowned Sunbird, Chestnut Munia, Scaly-breasted Munia, Cattle Egret, Finch-billed Myna, Sooty-headed Bulbul, Sahul Sunbird, and etc. 

Some birds in District Sonder of Minahasa regency

Visitors could watch birds along the roadside near Siloam hospital to look for the birds and butterflies that sit on the branches of trees and flowering plants. 

Crimson Sunbird

The next sites to explore are the terraces of ricefields in Talikuran village and the hill forest behind it. White-breasted Woodswallow, Grey Wagtail, Rock Pigeon, Sulawesi Drongo, Cattle Egret, Collared Kingfisher White-browed Crake, Barred Rail and etc. The area is also suitable for butterflywatching. Clipper, Blanchard's Ghost, Blanchard's Wood Nymph and a lot of other butterflies could be seen here. The farmlands on the hills above the rice fields have got flowering shrub plants and trees that attract various species butterflies. 

Some butterflies in Sonder's forest of Minahasa Highland

More areas in North Sulawesi can be explored including Tangkoko National Park, Tambun Maleo Conservation Area, and Tapak Kulintang Forest. We could watch more birds including Lilac-cheeked Kingfisher, Sulawesi Pygmy Kingfisher, Ruddy Kingfisher and Knobbed Hornbill, Sulawesi Pygmy Hornbill, Maleo, Great-billed Kingfisher, Sulawesi Scops Owl, and etc.

Blue-tailed Bee-eater

Extended Trip

This birdwatching and butterflywatching trip in the highland of Minahasa can be extended to other areas such as to Tunan waterfall, Tangkoko Nature Reserve and Tambun Maleo Sanctuary where more birds and butterflies could be seen. During this extended trips, birds such as Knobbed Hornbill, Sulawesi Pygmy Hornbill, Green-backed Kingfisher, Lilac-cheeked Kingfisher, Green Imperial Pigeon, Black-naped Fruit Dove, and etc. could be watched. 

Wildlife Watching Devices

Most wildlife watchers bring binoculars. I personally use 2 SVBONY 10×50. One is mounted on a tripod while the other is hanged on my neck. To take picture of birds, butterflies and wildlife in general, I use Fujifilm HS50EXR. It is a bridge camera that is light and fast enough to focus on birds and butterflies. The quality of pictures that it produces is quite good for my writing works in the internet. Most birdwatchers use 10×42 binoculars, point and shoot or D-SLR cameras with telephoto lens.

Where to fly

To travel to Minahasa highland, visitors need to fly to Sam Ratulangi airport in Manado city. It can easily be reached by flying from Singapore or other cities in Indonesia such as Jakarta, Surabaya, Denpasar, Makassar, Balikpapan and Sorong. 

Manado city, the capital of North Sulawesi Province in Indonesia

Sam Ratulangi Airport of Manado city

If you are interested in taking a birdwatching and butterflywaching trip in Minahasa highland of Sulawesi and want me to organize your trip, please, contact: Charles Roring by whatsapp to: +6281332245180. 

 

Wildlife Watching Trip in Minahasa

Minahasa land both in coastal and highland areas has got a lot of unique flora and fauna that are attractive for wildlife photographers. 

As a tourist guide, I have organize and accompany tourists to various parts of Indonesian islands including North Sulawesi. We travel from the highland forest of Minahasa to the coastal rainforest of Tangkoko to photograph birds, butterflies, and other animals of the region. 

Finch-billed Myna from Sulawesi Island of Indonesia

For butterflies and dragonflies, my favorite places to visit include the hill forest and terraces of ricefields in Kecamatan Sonder. I could easily see various colorful butterflies there. The best time to explore the forest for taking picture of birds is in the mornings and late afternoon before sunset. 

Mountain White-eye (Zosterops montanus) in Sonder's forest of Minahasa highland

In Mount Mahawu of Tomohon, and Tounelet forest of Sonder, we could take pictures of Crimson Sunbird, Mountain White, White-faced Cuckoo Dove, Sultan's Cuckoo Dove, Black-naped Oriole and Sulawesi Pygmy Woodpecker whereas in Tangkoko, we could take photographs of Green-backed Kingfisher, Knobbed Hornbill and Lilac-cheeked Kingfisher. 

Blue-tailed Bee-eater

I usually wear darker colour clothing. I have got dark-grey and dark-green t-shirts as well as dark-brown long pants. These natural colours greatly enhance my wildlife watching experience while walking in the forest. 

Butterflies in Sonder's forest of Minahasa

If you are interested in taking wildlife photography and sightseeing tour in Minahasa highland of Indonesia and want me to organize your tour and accompany you, please, contact me (Charles Roring) by email to: peace4wp@gmail.com or by whatsapp to: +6281332245180. 

• Butterflywatching in Minahasa
• Birding in North Sulawesi
• Scaly-breasted Kingfisher

Wooden Furniture from Leilem Village of Minahasa Regency

Wooden furniture is always attractive. The natural color of wood with beautiful grains is always the most sought after material in furniture industry. There is a village in Indonesia that is famous for its furniture products. It is a home industry. Its name is Leilem. Located in the province of North Sulawesi, Leilem can easily be reached by car from Manado city. When entering the village, visitors will be able to see boards that are arranged in inclined position in front of the villagers houses. These wooden planks, and blocks, facing the sun, are being dried before undergoing further treatment.

Leilem Village in Minahasa regency of Indonesia

When the wooden planks have reached the desirable dryness, they will be planed and sewn into particular sizes. Then they will be assembled and nailed or pinned to form a cabinet or table. Majority of the buyers come from the surrounding towns and villages in Minahasa but in recent years, through the promotion on the internet, the number of national customers is increasing. Here, people can buy tables, beds, desk and bookshelves. The furniture can be sent overseas using containers. The same thing also happen to wooden houses in the nearby Woloan village that are sold to foreign buyers. The types of wood that the carpenters like to use are linggua, and nangka (jackfruit). Customers from such countries as the United States and the Netherlands prefer knock-down tables or chairs that are made of teakwood.

Wooden Furniture in Leilem village

The manufacturers in Leilem village realize that they cannot rely on wood that is directly cut from forests in Minahasa. The supply of wood is dwindling now. Most of them are going to the southern region of Minahasa to find wood. With the price of teak and linggua wood is extremely high, farmers in Minahasa are now considering of planting trees to meet the market demand. It will take at least 25 years before trees can reach a minimum diameter for cutting.

Butterfly Watching in Minahasa Highland

I have just explored the highland of Minahasa especially the forest and flower garden areas in Sonder town to see its wildlife. I saw a lot of interesting animals including butterflies. I took pictures of some of them. 

A big butterfly that I saw in the Sonder forest of Minahasa was Blanchard's Ghost Butterfly (Idea blanchardii). It was a big butterfly whose wingspan was around 12 to 14 centimeters. According to Wikipedia, the butterfly was named Idea blandchardii, perhaps, after a French zoologist and entomologist, Charles Émile Blanchard (1819-1900). 

Blanchard's Ghost Butterfly in the Highland of Minahasa

One that attracts my attention was a big butterfly whose wings were larger than other butterflies. The main colors of the butterfly were black and bright yellow. Later, when I did searches on the internets for identifying the butterfly, I found that its name was Troides helena. The wingspan of this Helena Birdwing Butterfly was around 12 centimeters. It was difficult for me to take pictures of the butterfly because it hopped from one flower to another when taking their nectar. 

In Greek mythology, Helena or Helen was the daughter of Zeus (the god of sky and thunder). She was said to have been the most beautiful woman in the world. 

Helena Birdwing Butterfly

Another butterfly whose colour patterns on the wings are unique was Clipper Butterfly (Parthenos sylvia salentia). It could easily be found among the flowers of trees and shrub plants in the mornings when I did walking tours. 

Sulawesi Clipper Butterfly

There was also Manado Yellow Tiger Butterfly (Parantica menadensis). The butterfly could easily be seen hanging on flowers of tall grass along the roadside of Minahasa highland. This butterfly was not shy when I took picture of it.

Manado Yellow Tiger Butterfly

The next photographs below are the Blanchard's Wood Nymp butterfly (Ideopsis vitrea) and the Neptis ida celebensis.

Neptis ida

Where is Sonder and how to get there?

Sonder is a small town in Minahasa regency of North Sulawesi Province in the Republic of Indonesia. It can easily be reached by car or motorcycle from Manado city which is the capital of Indonesia. To visit Sonder town, see the following flight routes:

• International visitors need to fly from their countries to Singapore. After that, take a direct flight by Scoot Air to Manado city.
• International visitors can also fly to Jakarta, Surabaya or Denpasar and then continue their trip by domestic airlines such as Batik Air, Citilink, and Lion Air to Manado city.
• There is also direct flight between Manado city and Sorong city.

Traveling to Manado city

When you arrive in Manado city, I could meet you at the airport and then organize your trip to Sonder town. 

There are a lot of other butterflies that we can see in Minahasa if we explore its rainforest and farmland areas. If you are interested in traveling to Indonesia and want me to organize your tour, please, contact me (Charles Roring) by whatsapp to: +6281332245180 or by email to: peace4wp@gmail.com. 

Also read:

• Birding in North Sulawesi
• Birding Walk in Sonder Town of North Sulawesi

Watching Black-naped Oriole in Sonder Town of Minahasa

Black-naped Oriole (Oriolus chinensis) is a beautiful bird. It can be seen in many parts of Asia. Because of its beautiful bright yellow and black colours, and unique sounds, it has become an important target among poachers. In certain parts of Sulawesi, it has become a difficult target to see for birdwatchers and photographers. 

Bird in Tounelet Forest of Sonder town, Minahasa highland

There is a small forest in Minahasa highland where I could watch and photograph this Black-naped Oriole relatively easily. Its name is Tounelet Forest in Sonder town. It is located in front of my parents' house. I visited the forest last week and had the chance to photograph the bird several times from the balcony. 

As a matter of fact, Black-naped Oriole (Oriolis chinensis celebensis) is becoming less common due to habitat loss. In Sulawesi, more and more rainforest is being converted into human settlements and agricultural lands.

Black-naped (Oriolus chinensis)

In addition to Black-naped Oriole, I also saw a lot of other birds in Sonder's forest including Sahul Sunbird, Pale Blue Monarch, Sooty-headed Bulbul, Chestnut Munia, Scaly-breasted Munia, Cattle Egret, Slender-billed Crow, Grey-sided Flowerpecker, Yellow-sided Flowerpecker, White-faced Cuckoo Dove, Collared Kingfisher, White-browed Crake, White-breasted Woodswallow, Sulawesi Hanging Parrot, and a lot more. 

View of Sonder town

If you are interested in taking a birdwatching trips to Minahasa highland in North Sulawesi as well as Sorong regency and Raja Ampat in South-West Papua Province, and want me to organize your trip and guide you, please, contact me by email to: peace4wp@gmail.com or by whatsapp to: +6281332245180. 

Birding in North Sulawesi

The Province of North Sulawesi in the Republic of Indonesia is a great destination for visitors who like birding, wildlife watching, and sightseeing. To explore most of the birding sites, visitors need around two weeks. The first place that can be visited is waterfall in the suburban area of Manado city. We need to go there by car and walk along s slippery  concrete path to the waterfall to see its beauty. After that we could walk back to main road and then enjoy watching birds. Blue-tailed Bee-eater, Barn Swallow, and Sulawesi Swiftlet are the birds that we can see flying around the open space near the cliff of  the waterfall. 

Birds in Minahasa Highland

As we walk along the roadside, we can see more interesting birds such as Oriental Dollardbird, Green Imperial Pigeon, and Black-naped Fuit Dove. There are Sulawesi Spangled Drongo, Sulawesi Crow, Collared-Kingfisher, Little Egret, and Cattle Egret in the farmland of around the waterfall. There are Ruddy-breasted Crake, Isabelline Bush-hen and White-browed Crake too. 

After exploring the waterfall and farmland, we can go to Bunaken island the next day to enjoy snorkeling and watching birds.  

Birding in Sonder town of Minahasa highland - the Province of North Sulawesi - Indonesia

Returning to Manado city, we can continue our trip to Doloduo and stay in a homestay. It is far from Manado and takes a few hours to reach it.

We can also walk along the roadsides, around the rice field and watch birds such as  Rock Pigeon, Red-collared Dove, Sahul Sunbird, Chestnut/ Black-headed Munia, Pacific Swallow near a water dam. Black-faced Munia like to hop around the branches of shrub plants. To shoot the birds, visitors need cameras with telephoto lenses.

Scaly-breasted Kingfisher

After spending a few days in Doloduo, the birding trip could be continued to Tangkoko Nature Reserve for a few days. A lot of birds could be photographed there including Sulawesi Hornbill, Ashy Woodpecker, Ruddy Kingfisher, Sulawesi Dwarf Kingfisher, Sulawesi Hanging Parrot, Finch-billed Myna, White-eyed Spangled Drongo, Spotted Dove, White-rumped Triller, Grey-cheeked Green Pigeon, Knobbed Hornbill and a lot more. Mammals can also be watched in Tangkoko's forest. Two interesting species are Celebes Crested Macaque and Spectral Tarsier. The trip to Tangkoko will be a prolific birding experience.

A waterfall in Minahasa

The highland of Minahasa is in the list of places to visit. By car, we can go to Tomohon to stay there for a few nights. We will go hiking to the crater of Mount Mahawu, to see the magnificent view of the landscape. We can enjoy drinking tea and watching birds in Lake Linow or Pine Forest in Lahendong. Another attraction is and the Extreme Traditional Market near the bus station. People sell and buy dogs, snake, fruit bats, mouse as meat. 

For the last leg of the tour, we could go to Paal beach in North Minahasa regency. The scenery is beautiful. It has got white sandy beach.

Paal Beach in North Sulawesi

Separate extra birding excursions can be organized to District Sonder where we could watch Sulawesi Scops Owl (Otus manadensis), Turquoise Warbling-flycatcher (Eumyas panayensis), Sooty-headed Bulbul, Grey-sided Flowerpecker, Pale Blue Monarch, Sulawesi Malkoha, Black-naped Oriole, Black-crowned White-eye, Barred Rail (Gallirallus torquatus), female Crimson Sunbird (Aethopyga siparaja), Sulawesi Hanging Parrot (Loriculus stigmatus), and a lot more.

At the airport, Sultan's Cuckoo Dove, Spotted Dove, Zebra Dove, Yellow-vented Bulbul, and etc.

Flight Routes to Manado City

There are daily flights from major city in Indonesia to Manado city served by such airlines as Garuda, Citilink, Batik Air and Lion Air. There is direct flight between Singapore and Manado city served by Scoot Air. 

If you are interested in visiting the province of North Sulawesi in Indonesia, and want me to organize your trip and guide you, please, contact me (Charles Roring) by e-mail to: peace4wp@gmail.com or by whatsapp to: -6281332245180.

Also read:

• Birding in Sonder of Minahasa
• Birds of Sulawesi